Cardiac Hospital Design & Construction in Pakistan | ACCO
A cardiac hospital is among the most technically demanding specialty facilities in medicine. Every element — the cath lab, hybrid OT, CCU, imaging suite — must deliver uncompromising precision because the patients being treated are, by definition, in life-critical condition. Building a cardiac hospital design Pakistan project requires deep specialisation in shielded cath lab design, advanced HVAC, and integrated cardiac imaging.
At Ahmed Construction Company (ACCO), we design and build cardiac hospitals, cardiac wings within multi-specialty hospitals, and cath labs across Pakistan.
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❤️ What Is a Cardiac Hospital?
A cardiac hospital is a specialised facility offering the full spectrum of cardiovascular services — non-invasive cardiology, interventional cardiology, cardiac surgery, electrophysiology, cardiac imaging, and rehabilitation.
Types of Cardiac Facilities
- Cardiac Clinic: OPD + ECG + Echo only.
- Cath Lab Centre: Diagnostic + interventional cath, no surgery.
- Cardiac Hospital: Cath lab + open-heart OT + CCU + imaging.
- Tertiary Cardiac Institute: Multi-lab, transplant, paediatric cardiac, teaching.
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🏥 Core Departments
- Cardiology OPD (multiple sub-specialty clinics).
- Non-invasive diagnostics: ECG, Echo (2D, 3D, TEE, stress echo), ETT, Holter, TMT.
- Advanced imaging: CT coronary angiography, cardiac MRI, nuclear cardiology.
- Cardiac catheterisation lab (diagnostic + interventional).
- Electrophysiology (EP) lab.
- Hybrid OT (open surgery + cath integration).
- Open-heart OT (cardiothoracic surgery).
- Coronary Care Unit (CCU).
- Cardiac Surgical ICU (CSICU).
- Cardiac wards.
- Cardiac rehabilitation unit.
- Pharmacy, blood bank, laboratory.
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📏 Space Programme for a 60-Bed Cardiac Hospital
| Department | Area (m²) |
|---|---|
| OPD & Diagnostics | 350–500 |
| Advanced Imaging (CT + MRI) | 250–350 |
| Cath Lab (2 labs + control + support) | 350–500 |
| EP Lab | 150–200 |
| Hybrid OT + Open-Heart OT (2 OTs) | 300–400 |
| CCU (12 beds) | 250–320 |
| CSICU (10 beds) | 250–300 |
| Cardiac Wards (40 beds) | 700–900 |
| Cardiac Rehab | 120–180 |
| Blood Bank | 80–120 |
| Laboratory | 150–220 |
| CSSD | 120–180 |
| Pharmacy | 60–90 |
| Administration | 150–220 |
| Support (kitchen, laundry, mortuary) | 180–250 |
| Circulation & Common (30%) | 1,100–1,500 |
| Total | 4,560–6,230 m² |
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🔍 Cardiac Catheterisation Lab Design
- Room size: 65–80 m² including control room and equipment room.
- Lead-shielded walls (2–2.5 mm equivalent) and ceiling.
- Reinforced floor slab for angiography C-arm dead load (2,500–4,000 kg).
- HVAC: 20–25 ACH, HEPA H13, positive pressure.
- Temperature: 20–22 °C, humidity 45–55%.
- Isolated Power System (IPS) and UPS-backed critical branch.
- Medical gases: O2, N2O, vacuum, medical air, N2 for balloon pumps.
- Emergency ceiling boom for anaesthesia.
- PNRA-compliant radiation safety and dosimetry.
- Integrated hemodynamic monitoring, IABP, PCI.
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🔬 Hybrid OT & Open-Heart OT
- Room size: 70–90 m² (hybrid larger due to imaging integration).
- HVAC: 25–40 ACH, HEPA H14 laminar flow, positive +25 Pa.
- Modular antibacterial panels.
- Ceiling-mounted CT/angio C-arm (hybrid OT).
- Heart-lung machine location.
- Multiple pendants (anaesthesia, surgery, perfusion).
- Dedicated blood warmer and infusion outlets.
- Direct linkage to CSICU via short corridor.
- Redundant power sources with automatic transfer < 10 ms.
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❤️ Coronary Care Unit (CCU)
- Bed size: 20–25 m² (open-bay) or 25–30 m² (single-room).
- Central monitoring station with line-of-sight to every bed.
- Continuous ECG, invasive haemodynamic monitoring, ventilator support.
- Crash cart access at every bed.
- Isolation cubicle for infectious cases.
- Family waiting adjacent but separated.
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💨 Cardiac Hospital HVAC Summary
| Zone | Temp | Humidity | ACH | Pressure |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hybrid / Cardiac OT | 19–21 °C | 40–55% | 25–40 | +25 Pa |
| Cath Lab | 20–22 °C | 45–55% | 20–25 | +15 Pa |
| CCU / CSICU | 22–24 °C | 40–60% | 6–10 | Positive |
| Imaging (CT/MRI) | 20–22 °C | 40–60% | 6 | Neutral |
| Wards | 22–24 °C | 40–60% | 6 | Neutral |
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⚡ Electrical & Redundancy Design
- Dual utility feeds from separate substations.
- Redundant diesel generators (N+1).
- UPS at every OT, cath lab, CCU, CSICU bed (>10 min autonomy).
- IPS (isolated power) in all wet OT and cath labs.
- Full LIM (line isolation monitors) with audible alarms.
- Emergency lighting with 90-min battery backup.
- Lightning protection and earthing.
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💰 Cost Breakdown for a 60-Bed Cardiac Hospital (2026)
- Civil & structure: PKR 18–25 crore.
- MEP: PKR 25–35 crore.
- Interior & finishes: PKR 10–14 crore.
- Modular OT + hybrid OT: PKR 8–14 crore.
- Cath lab equipment (2 labs): PKR 30–55 crore.
- EP lab: PKR 8–16 crore.
- Open-heart OT equipment: PKR 12–20 crore.
- CCU/CSICU equipment (22 beds): PKR 15–25 crore.
- Cardiac imaging (CT, MRI, echo): PKR 20–35 crore.
- FF&E: PKR 5–8 crore.
- IT & digital: PKR 4–6 crore.
- Consultancy & approvals: PKR 4–6 crore.
- Contingency: PKR 12–18 crore.
- Total (excl. land): PKR 171–277 crore
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📋 Regulatory Approvals
- PHC / SHCC / KP HCC hospital licensing.
- PNRA license for cath lab, angiography, CT, nuclear cardiology.
- Safe Blood Transfusion Authority (SBTA) for blood bank.
- PMDC registration for consultants.
- DRAP pharmacy license.
- Building approval (LDA / CDA / SBCA).
- EPA environmental NOC.
- Fire safety NOC.
- Boiler & pressure vessel registration.
See also: Hospital Regulatory Approvals.
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⚖️ Cath Lab Centre vs Full Cardiac Hospital
| Aspect | Cath Lab Centre | Full Cardiac Hospital |
|---|---|---|
| Scope | Diagnostic + PCI | Full cardiac care incl. surgery |
| OT / Surgery | No | Yes (open-heart + hybrid) |
| CCU / ICU | Observation only | Full CCU + CSICU |
| Cost | PKR 40–80 crore | PKR 170–280 crore |
| Land Requirement | 1–2 kanal | 4–8 kanals |
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🏨 ACCO’s Cardiac Facility Portfolio
- Cardiac wings in multi-specialty hospitals including LDMC.
- Cath lab suites integrated into private hospitals.
- CCU / CSICU design and construction.
Related: ICU & Emergency Department Design · Operation Theater Design.
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❓ Frequently Asked Questions
How much does a cardiac hospital cost in Pakistan?
A 60-bed cardiac hospital with 2 cath labs, hybrid OT, open-heart OT, CCU, and CSICU typically costs PKR 171–277 crore turnkey.
How long does construction take?
24–36 months for a full cardiac hospital; 18–24 months for a stand-alone cath lab centre.
Does a cath lab require PNRA licensing?
Yes. Cath labs, angiography, CT coronary, and nuclear cardiology all require PNRA licensing with dedicated RSO.
What is a hybrid OT and do I need one?
A hybrid OT integrates open-surgical capability with imaging (angio or CT). Required for TAVI, complex aortic surgery, and combined procedures. Optional but increasingly standard in modern cardiac hospitals.
What is the typical staffing for a cardiac hospital?
For a 60-bed cardiac hospital: 10–15 cardiologists, 3–6 cardiac surgeons, 3–4 perfusionists, plus nursing, anaesthesia, and support staff totalling 250–350.
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📞 Plan Your Cardiac Hospital with ACCO
Ahmed Construction Company (ACCO)
Office 2, 3rd Floor, Bigcity Plaza, Gulberg-III, Lahore, Pakistan
📞 0322-8000190 | ✉️ info@acco.com.pk | 🌐 acco.com.pk
