Hospital in Pakistan
1. How to get a hospital license in Pakistan?
To get a hospital license in Pakistan, you must apply through the Punjab Healthcare Commission (PHC) or the relevant provincial healthcare commission. The requirements include:
Proper building plan and healthcare facility standards.
Qualified medical staff and paramedics.
Registration of doctors with PMDC (Pakistan Medical & Dental Council) or PMC.
Compliance with Minimum Service Delivery Standards (MSDS).
2. Can a nurse open his own clinic in Pakistan?
No. A nurse in Pakistan cannot legally open a clinic or prescribe medicines independently. Only MBBS doctors registered with PMC are allowed to run clinics. Nurses can, however, work as practitioners in collaboration with doctors.
3. What is the salary of a PhD nurse in Pakistan?
A PhD nurse in Pakistan can earn between PKR 150,000 – 300,000 per month in teaching universities or specialized hospitals, depending on experience and institution.
4. How can I open my own clinic?
To open a clinic in Pakistan:
Must be an MBBS doctor registered with PMC.
Apply for a license from the provincial healthcare commission.
Ensure proper setup: consultation room, waiting area, pharmacy (optional).
Hire registered paramedics or nurses.
5. Can a nurse have her own business?
Yes, a nurse can start a health-related business (nursing consultancy, home healthcare services, medical equipment supply, or training institute), but not a medical clinic for diagnosis and prescription.
6. How do I get a PhC license?
The Punjab Healthcare Commission (PHC) license is obtained by:
Submitting an application with all required documents.
Site inspection by PHC officials.
Ensuring compliance with MSDS standards.
Paying the prescribed fee.
7. Which degree is required to open a medical store in Pakistan?
You need a B-Pharmacy or Pharm-D degree, registered with the Pharmacy Council of Pakistan, to legally open and operate a medical store.
8. What is the minimum investment for a medical store?
The minimum investment depends on location, but typically:
Small store: PKR 500,000 – 1,000,000
Medium store: PKR 1,500,000 – 3,000,000
Includes rent, licensing fees, furniture, and medicine stock.
9. Is Pharm D called a doctor?
Yes. In Pakistan, Pharm-D graduates are legally called “Doctor of Pharmacy”, but they are not medical doctors (MBBS). They are specialists in medicines and pharmacy practice.
10. What is Form 7 in pharmacy?
Form 7 is an official document issued under Drug Regulatory Authority of Pakistan (DRAP) for the licensing of a pharmacy/medical store. It certifies approval for sale of medicines.
11. Is PharmD equal to Masters?
In Pakistan, Pharm-D is considered a professional doctorate degree, not equivalent to a Master’s degree (MS/M.Phil). For higher education, graduates usually go for M.Phil or PhD in Pharmacy.
12. What is the salary of D Pharmacy in Pakistan?
A fresh Pharm-D graduate earns around PKR 40,000 – 70,000 per month. With experience, it can increase to PKR 100,000+ in hospitals, pharmaceutical companies, or academia.
13. What does PhD stand for?
PhD stands for Doctor of Philosophy, which is the highest academic degree in research and academics.
14. What is the most profitable medical business to start?
The most profitable medical businesses in Pakistan are:
Pharmacy / Medical Store
Diagnostic Laboratory
Medical Equipment Supply
Home Healthcare Services
Small-Scale Hospital or Clinic (with specialists)
15. Can I open a medical store without a degree?
No. You cannot open a medical store without a qualified pharmacist’s degree (B-Pharmacy or Pharm-D). However, you can partner with a licensed pharmacist and operate under their supervision.
16. How to register a medical store in Pakistan?
Steps to register a medical store:
Hire or partner with a qualified pharmacist.
Apply to the Drug Regulatory Authority of Pakistan (DRAP) or provincial drug control authority.
Submit building/site plan, pharmacist registration, and required documents.
Inspection by the authorities.
Obtain Drug Sale License (Form 9).
1. How much does it cost to build a hospital in Pakistan?
The cost of building a hospital in Pakistan depends on size and facilities:
Small hospital (20–30 beds): PKR 150 – 300 million
Medium hospital (50–100 beds): PKR 500 million – 1 billion
Large hospital (200+ beds): PKR 2 – 5+ billion
(Excluding land cost)
2. How much does an architect cost in Pakistan?
Architects in Pakistan usually charge 2% to 10% of the total project cost, depending on reputation and scope of work.
3. What is the cost of healthcare in Pakistan?
On average:
OPD consultation: PKR 1,000 – 5,000 (depending on specialty)
Hospital admission (private): PKR 15,000 – 50,000 per day
Surgery: PKR 200,000 – 2 million+
Pakistan spends around 2% of GDP on healthcare, which is considered low.
4. What is the cost of construction per sq ft in Pakistan?
Grey structure: PKR 2,200 – 3,200 per sq. ft (2025 rates)
Finishing: PKR 4,000 – 6,500 per sq. ft
Luxury construction: PKR 7,000 – 10,000+ per sq. ft
5. How to start a hospital in Pakistan?
Steps:
Acquire land and prepare architectural & engineering designs.
Hire qualified doctors, nurses, and staff.
Register with Punjab Healthcare Commission (PHC) or provincial authority.
Meet Minimum Service Delivery Standards (MSDS).
Obtain licenses for medical practice, pharmacy, and diagnostic labs.
6. Who is cheaper than an architect?
Draftsmen and civil engineers are usually cheaper than architects, but they may not provide the same level of design and planning expertise.
7. How much do interior designers charge in Pakistan?
Interior designers charge:
Per sq. ft: PKR 150 – 500
Per project: PKR 100,000 – several million (depending on scale & finishes).
8. What fees do architects charge?
Architects in Pakistan charge either:
Percentage of project cost: 2% – 10%
Fixed fee per sq. ft: PKR 50 – 200 per sq. ft
9. How many private hospitals are there in Pakistan?
Pakistan has over 1,200 registered private hospitals (as per healthcare commission and local health authorities).
10. What is the budget of healthcare in Pakistan?
In the Federal Budget 2024–25, Pakistan allocated around PKR 37 billion for healthcare, which is less than 2% of GDP.
11. What are the challenges of healthcare in Pakistan?
Low government spending on health (under 2% of GDP)
Shortage of doctors and nurses
Unequal access (urban vs rural areas)
Outdated equipment in public hospitals
Rising cost of private healthcare
12. How much to build a hospital in Pakistan?
Small clinic (10–15 beds): PKR 50 – 100 million
Specialized hospital (50+ beds): PKR 500 million – 1 billion+
13. Can nurses open their own clinic in Pakistan?
No. Nurses cannot open clinics for diagnosis or prescriptions. Only PMC-registered MBBS doctors are allowed. Nurses can, however, run nursing homes, care centers, or home healthcare businesses.
14. How much does it cost to open a medical store in Pakistan?
Small pharmacy: PKR 500,000 – 1 million
Medium-sized store: PKR 1.5 – 3 million
Requires Pharm-D or B-Pharmacy license
15. Which architect is highly paid?
In Pakistan, senior architects running their own firms (e.g., Nayyar Ali Dada, Yasmeen Lari) are among the highest paid, charging premium project fees.
16. What is the cheapest type of architecture?
Minimalist architecture and vernacular design (using local materials) are the cheapest.
Prefabricated (PEB) structures are also cost-effective.
17. What is the lowest paid architect?
Fresh graduates in Pakistan earn PKR 25,000 – 40,000 per month, making them the lowest-paid architects in the profession.
18. How many doctors are there in Pakistan?
Pakistan has around 260,000 registered doctors with PMC, but the doctor-to-patient ratio is below WHO standards.
19. What is the budget of Pakistan?
The Pakistan Federal Budget 2024–25 was around PKR 18.9 trillion, focusing mainly on debt servicing, defense, and subsidies.
20. Is Pakistan’s healthcare good?
Public healthcare: affordable but overcrowded and underfunded.
Private healthcare: better quality but expensive.
Overall, healthcare access and quality are improving but still below international standards.
21. What is the cost of GREY structure in Pakistan 2025?
Per sq. ft: PKR 2,200 – 3,200
10 Marla house: PKR 6 – 8 million
1 Kanal house: PKR 12 – 15 million
22. What is the cost of a 1000 sq ft building?
Grey structure: PKR 2.5 – 3 million
Finished: PKR 5 – 6.5 million
23. What is grey structure?
Grey structure means a partially constructed building that includes:
Foundation
Walls
Roof/slabs
Plaster (sometimes)
But without finishing (paint, tiles, woodwork, fixtures).
24. What is the architect fee per project?
Architects charge:
PKR 100 – 300 per sq. ft (for design & drawings)
Or 2% – 10% of project cost
25. What is the minimum pay for an architect?
Fresh architects earn PKR 25,000 – 35,000/month in Pakistan.
26. How do architects calculate fees?
Percentage method: % of total construction cost
Per sq. ft method: rate multiplied by covered area
Lump sum: fixed fee for full project
27. What is the average size of a hospital building?
Small hospital: 15,000 – 30,000 sq. ft
Medium hospital: 50,000 – 100,000 sq. ft
Large hospital: 200,000+ sq. ft
1. What is the healthcare infrastructure of Pakistan?
Pakistan’s healthcare infrastructure includes:
1,300+ hospitals (public & private)
5,500 Basic Health Units (BHUs)
700+ Rural Health Centers (RHCs)
5,700+ dispensaries
350+ teaching institutions
Despite this, access is uneven, with better facilities in cities and limited services in rural areas.
2. Which medical field is most in demand in Pakistan?
The most in-demand medical fields are:
Cardiology
Orthopedics
Dermatology
Oncology
Psychiatry
Family Medicine (especially in rural areas)
3. What are the top 3 trends in the healthcare industry?
Digital health & telemedicine
AI in diagnostics & patient care
Preventive & personalized medicine
4. Which country has the best healthcare infrastructure?
According to WHO and global rankings:
Germany, Switzerland, Singapore, and Japan are among the top for healthcare infrastructure.
5. What are the four components of public health infrastructure?
Workforce (doctors, nurses, paramedics)
Data & Information Systems (health records, statistics)
Public Health Agencies & Facilities (hospitals, labs, regulatory bodies)
Policies & Resources (funding, laws, and governance)
6. What are the levels of healthcare in Pakistan?
Pakistan follows a 3-tier healthcare system:
Primary: BHUs, dispensaries, maternal & child centers
Secondary: District hospitals, RHCs
Tertiary: Teaching hospitals, specialized centers (e.g., Shaukat Khanum, Aga Khan)
7. Which doctor is highly paid in Pakistan?
The highest-paid specialties in Pakistan are:
Neurosurgeons
Cardiologists
Orthopedic surgeons
Radiologists
Oncologists
8. Which is the toughest medical field?
Globally and in Pakistan:
Neurosurgery
Cardiothoracic surgery
Oncology
Plastic surgery
These fields require long training, high precision, and deal with life-threatening cases.
9. Which field has high scope in Pakistan?
Medical Specializations (Cardiology, Radiology, Oncology, Dermatology)
Pharmacy (Pharm-D, Industrial Pharmacy)
Nursing & Allied Health Sciences
Medical Technology & Digital Health
10. Which country has the cheapest healthcare?
India, Thailand, Turkey, and Pakistan are known for affordable healthcare and medical tourism.
11. What is the largest healthcare system in the country?
In Pakistan: Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences (PIMS), Islamabad and Jinnah Hospital, Karachi are among the largest.
Globally: UK’s National Health Service (NHS) is the largest single-payer healthcare system.
12. Which country is most satisfied with their healthcare?
Countries like Netherlands, Switzerland, and Denmark consistently show the highest patient satisfaction levels.
13. Which country has the best doctor in the world?
United States, Germany, and UK have top-ranked doctors in specialties.
Many Pakistani doctors working abroad are also highly respected internationally.
14. Which country has the most expensive healthcare?
United States has the most expensive healthcare system in the world.
15. Which country has the best free healthcare?
United Kingdom (NHS), Norway, Sweden, and Canada are known for strong, free or heavily subsidized public healthcare systems.
👉 Tanveer Bhai, do you want me to expand this into a detailed article (2500–3000 words) with headings like Healthcare Infrastructure in Pakistan, Global Comparisons, Future Trends so it works as an SEO blog for ACCO’s Hospital Design Services?
1. What is the scope of OT in Pakistan?
Operation Theatres (OT) have great scope in Pakistan as hospitals (public & private) continue to expand. Skilled OT staff are in high demand in:
Government hospitals
Private hospitals
Surgical centers
NGOs & international health organizations
2. What is the scope of Operation Theatre Technology in Pakistan?
OT Technology is an emerging allied health field in Pakistan. Graduates can work as:
OT Technologists / Technicians
Surgical Assistants
Anesthesia Support Staff
Healthcare Managers in surgical units
Scope is growing due to the increase in surgeries, hospitals, and specialized clinics.
3. What is the purpose of OT design?
The purpose of OT design is to:
Ensure sterility and infection control
Provide a safe environment for surgeries
Improve workflow efficiency for doctors and staff
Maintain air quality, lighting, and safety standards
4. What is the qualification for OT technician in Pakistan?
Diploma in Operation Theatre Technology (2 years)
Or BS in Operation Theatre Technology (4 years)
Eligibility: Matric/Intermediate with science subjects.
5. What is the salary of OT technologist in Pakistan?
Fresh graduates: PKR 35,000 – 60,000 per month
Experienced technologists: PKR 80,000 – 150,000 per month
Senior OT managers in private hospitals may earn even more.
6. Is OTT a doctor?
No. OT Technologists (OTT) are not doctors. They are allied health professionals who assist surgeons, anesthetists, and nurses in the operation theatre.
7. What is the salary of an operation theater technician per month?
Diploma holders: PKR 25,000 – 45,000 per month in government hospitals
Private sector: PKR 30,000 – 60,000 depending on skills and hospital.
8. What is the salary of a BS surgical technologist in Pakistan?
BS Surgical Technologist graduates: PKR 50,000 – 90,000 per month initially
With 5+ years’ experience: PKR 100,000 – 150,000.
9. What is the highest salary for Operation Theatre technology?
In senior positions (Head of OT / OT Supervisor in large hospitals), salaries can reach PKR 200,000+ per month.
10. How many zones are in OT?
Operation Theatres are divided into four zones for infection control:
Protective Zone (changing rooms, waiting area)
Clean Zone (sterile stores, scrub area)
Sterile Zone (operating room)
Disposal Zone (dirty utility, disposal area)
11. What is the main focus of OT?
The main focus is to provide a safe, sterile, and efficient environment for surgical procedures, ensuring patient safety and infection prevention.
12. What are the three types of operating theaters?
General OT – for common surgeries
Specialized OT – for neurosurgery, cardiology, orthopedic, etc.
Emergency OT – for trauma and urgent surgeries
13. What is the minimum salary of an OT technician?
Around PKR 20,000 – 25,000 per month for fresh diploma holders in smaller hospitals.
14. What is a diploma in OT?
A Diploma in Operation Theatre Technology (OTT) is a 2-year paramedical program that trains students in:
Sterilization
Assisting surgeons
Handling surgical instruments
Infection control
15. Which course is best after OT technician?
BS Operation Theatre Technology
BS Surgical Technology
BS Anesthesia Technology
BS Nursing (for broader scope)
16. Is OTT a good career?
Yes. OTT is a growing and stable career in Pakistan due to:
Rising demand for surgeries
Shortage of skilled technologists
Opportunities in private hospitals, NGOs, and abroad
17. Which paramedical course has the highest salary?
In Pakistan, the highest-paid paramedical fields are:
Anesthesia Technology
Surgical Technology / OT Technology
Radiology & Imaging Technology
Cardiac Technology
1. What is the design of the operation theatre?
The design of an Operation Theatre (OT) is based on sterility, safety, and efficiency, including:
Modular/semi-modular walls & ceilings (antibacterial, seamless)
HVAC with laminar airflow & HEPA filters
Proper zoning (protective, clean, sterile, disposal)
Sterile storage and scrub areas
Adequate lighting and medical gas systems
2. What are the 4 zones of operation theatre?
Protective Zone – changing rooms, waiting areas
Clean Zone – sterile stores, staff rooms
Sterile Zone – operation theatre rooms
Disposal Zone – dirty utility, disposal areas
3. What is the full form of OTT in operation theatre?
OTT = Operation Theatre Technician / Operation Theatre Technology
4. What are the four types of operation theatres?
General OT – for routine surgeries
Specialized OT – cardiology, neurology, orthopedic, oncology
Emergency OT – trauma and urgent surgeries
Septic OT – for infected or contaminated surgical cases
5. What is the clean zone in OT?
The Clean Zone is a transitional area where staff and materials are prepared before entering the sterile zone. It includes sterile storage, scrub areas, and pre-op rooms.
6. What are the different types of Theatre design?
Conventional OT Design (brick & mortar)
Modular OT Design (prefabricated, seamless panels)
Hybrid OT Design (advanced imaging + surgery in one room)
7. What is the color code for operation theatre?
Walls & ceilings: Light green or blue (to reduce glare & eye strain)
Scrub area: White/light shades
Staff uniforms: Green/blue scrubs
These colors enhance focus, reduce stress, and improve visibility of blood.
8. What are the 4 basic forms of theatre?
(From performing arts, but adapted to OT design context):
Proscenium (traditional layout)
Thrust (partially open)
Arena (round/stadium style)
Flexible/Black Box (adaptable space)
👉 In OT terms, it refers to different layouts for workflow efficiency.
9. What is the equipment load in OT?
The equipment load in OT includes:
Surgical lights, anesthesia machines, monitors
Ventilators, suction units, electrosurgical units
Imaging devices (X-ray, C-arm, ultrasound)
On average, the electrical load of a modern OT is 10–15 kW.
10. What is the full form of TL in operation theatre?
TL = Tube Light (commonly used term in hospital lighting systems).
11. What is the full form of GNM?
GNM = General Nursing and Midwifery (a diploma-level nursing course).
12. What is the full form of MLT?
MLT = Medical Laboratory Technology (field of diagnostic testing).
13. What is the DMZ zone in OT?
DMZ = Demilitarized Zone in OT context refers to a transition zone between sterile and non-sterile areas, helping prevent contamination.
14. What is the full form of PACU?
PACU = Post-Anesthesia Care Unit, also called Recovery Room, where patients are monitored after surgery.
15. What is septic OT?
A Septic OT is a separate operation theatre dedicated for infected or contaminated surgical cases (e.g., abscess drainage, infected wounds) to prevent cross-infection with clean surgeries.
🏥 Hospital Construction & Costs in Pakistan
Q: How much does it cost to build a hospital in Pakistan?
👉 The cost depends on size, location, and facilities. A 50-bed hospital may cost between PKR 60 crore to PKR 1.5 billion, while a 100+ bed hospital can exceed PKR 2 billion.
Q: Which hospital costs the most to build?
👉 In Pakistan, large private tertiary hospitals (e.g., Shaukat Khanum, Aga Khan) are among the most expensive, costing billions of rupees due to advanced medical equipment.
Q: What is the most expensive item in a hospital?
👉 Medical equipment & technology (MRI, CT Scanners, Surgical Robots, HVAC for OTs) take the biggest share of costs.
Q: How much to build a hospital in Pakistan?
👉 On average:
Small clinic (10–20 beds): PKR 15–50 crore
Medium hospital (50–100 beds): PKR 60 crore – 1.5 billion
Large hospital (200+ beds): PKR 2–5 billion+
Q: How to start a hospital in Pakistan?
👉 Steps include:
Land acquisition & design (via architect/consultant)
Approval from Health Care Commission (PHC)
Construction as per hospital codes & safety standards
Install medical equipment
Hire staff & apply for hospital license
🏗 Architecture & Design in Pakistan
Q: How much does an architect cost in Pakistan?
👉 Architects usually charge 2%–7% of total project cost or PKR 200–800 per sq. ft.
Q: Who is cheaper than an architect?
👉 Draftsmen or building designers are cheaper, but lack full professional expertise.
Q: How much do interior designers charge in Pakistan?
👉 PKR 150–500 per sq. ft. depending on experience and project type.
Q: What fees do architects charge?
👉 Small residential projects: 3–5% of cost
👉 Commercial / hospitals: 5–7% of cost
Q: Which architect is highly paid?
👉 Architects specializing in healthcare & high-rise projects earn the most.
Q: What is the cheapest type of architecture?
👉 Minimalist & modern design using local materials is considered cheapest.
Q: What is the minimum pay for an architect in Pakistan?
👉 Fresh graduates earn around PKR 30,000–50,000/month, while senior architects may earn PKR 3–8 lakh/month.
Q: Why do architects make little money?
👉 Due to oversupply of graduates and clients preferring low-cost draftsmen.
Q: How to choose a design-build firm?
👉 Check:
Experience in hospital/healthcare projects
Registered with PCATP (Pakistan Council of Architects & Town Planners)
Strong portfolio & client reviews
Q: How to start a design-build?
👉 Register your company, hire architects + engineers, get PEC license, and build a portfolio.
Q: What are the three keys to a good design?
👉 Functionality, Aesthetics, Cost-efficiency
Q: Which design is the most economical to build?
👉 Rectangular layouts with simple elevations reduce cost.
💰 Healthcare Costs & Businesses
Q: What is the cost of healthcare in Pakistan?
👉 Public hospitals: low cost / subsidized
👉 Private hospitals: PKR 1,000–5,000 OPD fee, major surgeries in lakhs to millions
Q: What is the budget of healthcare in Pakistan?
👉 Around 1.2% of GDP (2025 budget ~ PKR 37 billion) – very low compared to global standards.
Q: What are the challenges of healthcare in Pakistan?
👉
Lack of funding (low GDP spending)
Shortage of doctors & nurses
Poor rural healthcare access
Outdated equipment in government hospitals
Q: Which hospital is most profitable?
👉 Private tertiary hospitals like Shifa International, Aga Khan, Doctors Hospital generate the highest profits.
Q: Who makes the most money in a hospital?
👉 Specialist doctors & hospital owners.
Q: Where do hospitals lose the most money?
👉 In emergency care, unpaid bills, staff turnover, and equipment maintenance.
Q: Who is the billionaire owner of hospitals?
👉 In Pakistan, major investors & philanthropists like Imran Khan (Shaukat Khanum Trust) & corporate groups (e.g., Indus, Shifa International).
🏥 Medical Store & Clinic Setup
Q: How much does it cost to open a medical store in Pakistan?
👉 Around PKR 10–30 lakh, depending on size & stock.
Q: Can a nurse open his own clinic in Pakistan?
👉 No, only licensed doctors (MBBS, BDS) can open clinics. Nurses can open paramedical centers under supervision.
